Conditionals

In this class, we will delve into conditional statements, which are structures that allow different actions to be executed depending on whether a condition is met or not.

Types of conditional statements: Link to heading

• if statement: Used to execute a block of code if a condition is met.
• elif statement: Used to execute a block of code if a condition is met after a previous one has not been met.
• else statement: Used to execute a block of code if none of the above conditions are met.

Example Link to heading

age = 18

if age >= 18:
    print("You are of legal age.")
else:
    print("You are a minor.")

In this example:

• The if statement is used to check if the variable age is greater than or equal to 18.
• If the condition is met, the code block inside the if is executed.
• If the condition is not met, the code block inside the else is executed.

Nested statements Link to heading

Conditional statements can be nested within each other.

Example Link to heading

age = 15
rating = 7

if age >= 18:
    if rating >= 6:
        print("You can get the scholarship.")
    else:
        print("You can't get the scholarship.")
else:
    print("You are not eligible for the scholarship.")

In this example:

• The if statement is used to check if the variable age is greater than or equal to 18.
• If the condition is met, it is checked if the variable rating is greater than or equal to 6.
• If both conditions are met, the first block of code inside the if is executed.
• If the second condition is not met, the second block of code is executed within the if.
• If the first condition is not met, the code block inside the else is executed.

Logical operators: Link to heading

Logical operators can be used in conditions to combine different conditions.

Example Link to heading

age = 20
gender = "man"

if age >= 18 and gender == "man":
    print("You can perform mandatory military service.")
else:
    print("You cannot perform mandatory military service.")

In this example:

• The and operator is used to combine the conditions age >= 18 and gender == "male".
• Only if both conditions are met, the code block inside the if is executed.

Exercise Link to heading

Write Python code that determines whether a number is even or odd.